Image-based computational fluid dynamics (ICFD) has emerged as a powerful tool for solving fluid dynamics and mass/heat transport in real-world systems within intricate geometries extracted from imaging data. It is particularly v in advancing life sciences toward precision medicine of cardiovascular diseases. ICFD of blood flows in human vessels has become a common approach for noninvasive and patient-specific quantification of 4-D hemodynamics in diseased human arterial systems, resulting in innovation in medical device design, revascularization planning, and tissue engineering for cardiovascular diseases. In engineering, solving image-based pore-scale flow and transport in porous media is a mainstream of fundamental and industrial research to reveal the pertinent physics that modeling in the field of energy and material sciences. ICFD enables solving pore-scale flows in pore structures extracted from images. Pore-scale fluid dynamics essences the underlying physics of flow, transport, reaction, adsorption, and deformation in heterogeneous porous structures, representing a significant step toward an advanced capability making heterogeneous porous media flow a standard practice. In either application, ICFD requires tremendous integration of multidisciplinary research areas of image processing, computational fluid and transport modeling, and high-performance computing. The key challenge is the overwhelming approach of computation expense. We have developed a unique ICFD solver[1-3]. Our ICFD solver is featured with two advantages: unified modeling of image segmentation and CFD using VLBM, resulting in a seamless connection between the two interdisciplinary components, and ideal suitability for GPU parallel computing, reducing the computation time of patient-specific pulsatile blood flows from hours and days to minutes and hours, respectively[4,5]. We have applied the ICFD solver to several research projects through collaborations with physicians, medical researchers, experimentalists, and material scientists, for quantifying 4-dimensional fluid dynamics including velocity, pressure, and WSS in human arteries for different cardiovascular diseases, human choriocapillary, nuclear waste form, digital rocks, and eye drug implant based on scanned or designed images with demonstrated reliability and applicability.