ECCOMAS 2024

Keynote

On the physics of ultra-soft hydrogels: magneto-mechanically induced diffusion processes

  • Gonzalez-Rico, Jorge (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid)
  • Garzon-Hernandez, Sara (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid)
  • Landis, Chad (The University of Texas at Austin)
  • Garcia-Gonzalez, Daniel (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid)

Please login to view abstract download link

Magneto-active hydrogels (MAHs) consist of a soft polymeric network doped with magnetic particles that allow the material to mechanically respond to magnetic fields. These multifunctional properties allow for the manipulation of the material's state of deformation and properties in a remote, dynamic, and non-invasive manner. By taking advantage of the ability to magnetically actuate the hydrogel, the solvent diffusion dynamics between the MAH and the aqueous medium it is embedded within can also be controlled. These characteristics, along with the low magnetic permeability of biological tissues and the good biocompatibility of hydrogels, make MAHs excellent candidates for applications as drug delivery vessels or for the collection of liquid samples from a localized region within the human body. However, the underlying physics and thermodynamic coupling of the magneto-mechanical-diffusion problem are highly complex [1]. This work conceptualises and creates new biocompatible MAHs from human blood plasma, with strong magneto-mechanical coupling. The new material is experimentally tested using a custom in-house device to control different states of magnetic actuation [2]: (a) controls with null actuating fields, (b) sustained actuation under constant fields, and (c) dynamic actuation in different loading modes and frequencies. This methodology enables an efficient and in-depth analysis of the diffusion processes under magneto-mechanical actuation. Additionally, a new constitutive formulation is devised and implemented to model the diffusion processes of two distinct chemical species within a magneto-responsive material. The application of the model aids in the analysis and interpretation of the underlying physical phenomena affecting diffusion dynamics observed in the experiments. Taken together, these new experimental observations and computational tools open new and exciting opportunities for the use of ultra-soft (~100 Pa) MAHs in biomedical applications.