ECCOMAS 2024

CFD and Experimental Analysis of Sedimentation Velocity of Anaerobic Granules from an EGSB Reactor

  • D'Bastiani, Camila (Technological University Dublin)
  • Kennedy, David (Technological University Dublin)
  • Reynolds, Anthony (Technological University Dublin)

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Anaerobic granular sludge reactors, such as the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and the expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors can operate at relatively high upflow velocities with minimal biomass washout. This is mainly due to the properties of the granular sludge, the design features of the reactor, and the interactions between the gas, solid, and liquid phases. The multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling of granular reactors requires a clear understanding of the characteristics of the granular sludge and its settling behaviour. In this context, this work aimed at studying experimentally and numerically the sedimentation velocity of anaerobic granules. Granules from the lower region of an EGSB reactor treating wastewater from an apple cider brewery were collected. Two methods were used to measure the density of the granules. The pycnometer method yielded an average density of 1,039 kg/m3. For the sedimentation velocity method, 20 granules with an average diameter of 1.169 mm ± 0.132 mm were used. The sedimentation velocity of each granule was measured experimentally. From that, a density of 1,025 kg/m3 was calculated. The sedimentation experiment was reproduced using CFD on Ansys Fluent 2023R1 for both density values for the granules. The Eulerian-Eulerian (E-E) granular model and the Discrete Particle Method (DPM) were used, and the results were compared against experimental data. The results showed that the differences between the sedimentation velocity simulated using the E-E and the DPM methods were below 2%, showing that both methods yield similar results. CFD results obtained using the density from the sedimentation velocity method resulted in a difference lower than 1% between CFD and experimental results, while the density measured using the pycnometer method resulted in a difference of around 35% between CFD and experiments. Therefore, these results indicate that the density calculated from the sedimentation velocity experiments might be more suitable for simulations when the goal is to predict sludge washout from anaerobic granular sludge reactors.