Exploring the use of metamaterials to mitigate vortex induced vibrations of wind turbine blades
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The historical upscaling of horizontal axis wind turbines has presented significant engineering challenges, including a heightened susceptibility to aeroelastic instabilities such as Vortex Induced Vibrations (VIV). This work explores, for the first time, the use of Locally Resonant Acoustic Metamaterials (LRAM) for the mitigation of such phenomenon on rotors. LRAM are composed of a regular array of lightweight repeating unit cells, each containing one or more resonators that can vibrate in response to external forces. The present work casts the targeted aeroelastic instability as a two-dimensional problem, consisting of a blade section connected to an elastic mounting. The flow is modeled using a computational fluid dynamics finite volume code. The structural properties of the mounting are obtained through modal analysis of a reference blade, and the effect of the local resonators is subsequently included. A partitioned fluid-structure interaction strategy is then employed to solve both physics in the time domain. The manuscript analyzes the impact of the proposed metamaterial on the aeroelastic mechanism and sheds light on the potential of such an approach for vibration mitigation. However, additional work is anticipated to further assess the benefits of the technology, including the consideration of three-dimensional effects and the explicit modeling of the local resonators.