ECCOMAS 2024

Simulation of Synthetic Mitral Valve Mechanics Using an Experimentally Validated Finite Element Model

  • Javadpour, Sina (Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland)
  • O'Brien, Fergal (Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland)
  • Conway, Claire (Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland)

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The mitral valve (MV), essential for preventing blood backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium, faces increasing prevalence of structural pathologies [1]. This study presents an experimentally validated finite element mitral valve model, combining anatomical accuracy provided by using healthy human MV measurements [2] with controlled synthetic leaflet thickness to mimic healthy human MV mechanics. The finite element (FE) model, discretized with 18444 hexahedral elements using commercial FE solver Abaqus/Explicit (v2020), incorporates a hyperelastic material model and is actuated by applying a ventricular surface pressure ranging from -8 to 120 mmHg for a full cardiac cycle of 852 ms at 70 bpm. The physical model was fabricated by drop casting of elastomeric silicone into 3D printed moulds and employs silicone leaflets with reinforcing fabric, embedded polyester chordae, and a silicone mitral valve annulus interface. This physical model was then tested in an in-house 3D left heart simulator flow rig with a 60:40 volumetric ratio water-glycerol blood phantom and a reciprocal linear pump simulating the cardiac output of 4.5 l/min and a forward stroke volume of 64 ml at 70 bpm (T=852 ms). Qualitative agreement existed between FE and physical model results in terms of valve closure and leaflet coaptation, with the FE model exhibiting a coaptation model within the healthy range of 4.9 ± 3.8 mm [3]. Moreover, no significant regurgitant orifice and backflow of the blood mimicking fluid were detected. This combined computational-physical platform proves powerful for parametric sweep studies, offering insights into MV non-pathological and pathological changes. This approach provides a comprehensive understanding of MV mechanics, aiding in procedure planning and advancing medical device development and testing.