In the context of anisotropic fracture problems, the principal directions of the strain and stress tensors may not necessarily align. Hence, the commonly employed additive decomposition of the strain tensor for tension-compression asymmetry, such as volumetric-deviatoric or spectral decomposition, may not produce satisfactory outcomes. Recently, new models for decomposing the constitutive tensor, accounting for material anisotropy, were introduced by \cite{Ziaei,Vu} for mechanical loading. In this study, we present a thermodynamically consistent phase-field formulation for simulating fractures under thermo-mechanical loading, for materials exhibiting anisotropic constitutive behavior. Our approach involves decomposing the material's constitutive tensor to appropriately account for its inherent anisotropy. Our proposed work can be considered as a non-trivial extension of the model proposed by \cite{Ziaei, Vu} for thermo-mechanical loading. For the derivation of the proposed phase-field formulation, we have adopted the virtual power principle and obtained the governing partial differential equations. We have considered the constitutive relations for thermodynamic fluxes by applying the first and second laws of thermodynamics so that any dissipative effects can be incorporated into the formulation in a thermodynamically consistent manner. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed phase-field model, we have implemented our model using the finite element method and carried out fracture simulations for a few representative numerical examples.